phosphors
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- Phthalocyanines and their main group and metal complexes are important classes of organic semiconductor materials but are usually highly insoluble and so frequently need to be processed by vacuum deposition in devices.
- Phosphors are used in many applications such as cathode ray tubes, fl uorescent lamps, and plasma displays, and have therefore been intensively studied.
- There is a critical need for new earth-abundant phosphors to enable next-generation, highly efficient solid-state lighting.
- Long persistent phosphors have received significant attention owing to their attractive photophysical properties.
- Phosphogypsum (PG), as a waste by-product with high content and complicated impurities, is difficult to be utilised effectively.
- The industrial production of wet phosphoric acid in Morocco led to controversial stockpiling of waste phosphogypsum by-products resulting in the release of significant amounts of toxic impurities in salt marshes.
- The allotropes of elementary phosphorus materials, such as black phosphorus and its single layer form phosphorene have recently regained scientific attention due to their outstanding properties suitable for applications in electronics, optical devices, and energy applications.