In Asia, the pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is the most important vector of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Steiner and Buhrer (Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae), the causal agent of pine wilt disease, and the ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani Xiao et Wu (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is the most important natural enemy of this pest.